![]() At the time, was pushing for Native Americans to assimilate into white American culture- and using Indian employees as examples of assimilation. This was a radical act as a federal employee working for the OIA. Taken for her government personnel file, she chose to wear Native dress and to braid her hair. Instead of assimilation, Marie emphasized the value of traditional Native cultures while asserting her own (and therefore others’) place in the modern world as an Indian woman. Over time, as she became involved with the suffrage movement and the Society for American Indians (SAI), her views began to change. While this pay was low compared to what other clerks were making ($1,000 to $1,800 per year), she was the agency’s highest paid Indigenous woman.Įarly in her career, Marie believed that Native Americans needed to assimilate into European-American society to survive. ![]() She was hired at $900 per year, and received a raise to $1,000 before she had served a full year in the position. ![]() In 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed Marie as a clerk in the Office of Indian Affairs (OIA), an agency within the Department of the Interior. There, they became part of an established community of professional Native Americans who lived and worked in the capital. She and her father moved to Washington, DC in the early 1890s to defend the treaty rights of the Turtle Mountain Chippewa Nation. John’s Ladies College in Winnipeg, Manitoba (Canada), and returned to Minneapolis to work as a clerk in her father’s law office. She spent some time across the border at St. While a teenager, her family lived in Minneapolis, and Marie attended school there as well as in nearby St. Bottineau, was a lawyer who worked as an advocate for the Ojibwa/Chippewa Nation in Minnesota and North Dakota. Marie Louise Bottineau Baldwin (Metis/Turtle Mountain Chippewa) was born in Pembina, North Dakota.
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